Paranoid Personality Disorder Essay Example for Free

Paranoid Personality Disorder Essay Joe Fuller I. Introduction and Identifying Information Intelligence of a person somehow defines him/her. Through intelligence, a person will know his capacities and abilities and where he is good at. It boosts someone’s self- esteem and improves the confidence he had in himself. If you’re intelligent, you can possibly do and deal with anything especially if you have a very brilliant mind. An intelligent person knows how to deal with people and accept their mistakes and imperfections. Intelligence adds confidence but overconfidence that leads to mistrust and hostility is another issue. Intelligence must also be balanced with the emotional quotient which everyone must work hard for. Such is not the case at hand. The patient is a male whose name is Joe. He lived in a lower middle- class neighborhood in a large, northeastern city. His father is a steamfitter and his mother is a home maker. He had 2 older brothers and a younger sister. When Joe was 11 years old, his grandmother started living with them. His grandmother is already invalid and is not already capable to take care of herself after Joe’s grandfather died. Joe was exceptionally bright student. Yet, he had several chaotic relationships with his family, friends and other people around him. Later on, he developed anxiety and panic attacks that made him consult to a doctor. Then the doctor referred him to go to a psychiatrist. II. Background Information History and Course of the Present Problem The patient is described to be exceptionally bright and overconfident. He was admitted to a prestigious high school and college. He was an â€Å"A† student and often made jokes about people who â€Å"couldn’t make the grade. † Whenever a teacher made a mistake in class, Joe was always the first to laugh and make a side comment. He avoided group activities and issues with relationships. He couldn’t trust everyone and he was very suspicious. He liked to work alone over his projects because he always thought that people will steal his ideas. Joe would always think that he was the best and nobody could compete with him. The patient had argued with a teacher about a grade and after that he heard one of his classmates say, â€Å"I don’t know why some people have to work so hard for everything†. Joe took this comment as an insult to his family so Joe decided to get revenge. So while this student is attending a basketball game, Joe found his car and poured sugar in his gas tank. Suddenly, he started experiencing panic attacks that resulted him to go for a check-up. Current and Past Medical History The patient went to a doctor because he wanted a treatment for his anxiety and panic attacks. He had palpitations, sensations of shortness of breath, chest pain and nausea or abdominal stress. But his panic attacks are not associated with agoraphobia. Joe felt that he had no mental disorder at all. The doctor prescribed him Tofranil, an anti-depressant. But Joe had more knowledge on how this drug affected neurological mechanisms than the doctor. The said treatment was unsuccessful because Joe did not think that he has a personality disorder. The doctor, which he named as Dr. Fein, did not have any prior knowledge that Joe might have a paranoid personality disorder. Joe was not open to his life and Dr. Fein should have considered the possibility that Joe has a paranoid personality disorder that is why he behaved the way he did. Right now, Joe’s panic attacks still continued. Social History Joe is said to be rude and arrogant. His first steady relationship is with Carla but then later on, Carla broke up with him. Joe wanted to get revenge. Since then, he became extremely suspicious of women’s intentions. One time, Joe made fun of a guy talking to his date at a party. Joe always finds chaos with others. He argued with a professor for receiving a B+ instead of an A. Joe began to date his future wife Ruth. He also got his first job working with a drug company. Joe on his first job This is an ideal position for Joe. But he was asked by his boss to stop his independent research. Joe behaved with hostility towards his co-workers. Because of this continuous attitude, Joe was asked to resign after 3 years. Joe on his second job Joe took a job working in a university. Joe didn’t like his new job. He was asked again to curtail his independent research. He was asked to work in a new employee and suspected he was a spy. Joe accused the university in trying to kill him with radiation in the laboratory. Later on, Joe was fired and he took another job which is driving a taxi cab. Familial Relationship According to the patient, his father is mentally ill and he believed that he was being disregarded by his family. He was estranged to his family and friends and he believes that â€Å"he had nothing†. As a middle child, he felt that he is being left out so he needs to step up in everything he must do. In an early age, he became hypersensitive to the evaluation of others and believed that the world is a hostile place persecuted for being different. Later in his life, he married Ruth and they had a daughter. Their marital relationship has been putted on the rocks for a lot of times because of misunderstanding and Joe’s paranoia about his wife. Later on, Ruth recognized that Joe was overreacting to minor events. Joe then suggested that Ruth was a part of the conspiracy that people were trying to steal his ideas. After some years, Joe and Ruth divorced. Until now, he is still convinced that Ruth betrayed him. Typical Problem The patient’s life story stems up from his place in the family. In an early age, he faced struggles that led him to become suspicious of the motives of people to him. Since he’s very intelligent, he assumes that he knows everything and people are trying to steal his ideas that led him to have poor relationships with others. He received a comment before that struck his ego and saw it as an insult, so he always wanted to have revenge with people. The patient thinks that he is the best and nobody can beat him. He developed anxiety and panic attacks, which is a manifestation of Paranoid Personality Disorder, but still he thinks that he is not ill and he is mentally stable. A Misunderstanding of Some Sort When Joe went to a psychiatrist whose name is Dr. Flein, he reported their for treatment of his anxiety and panic attacks. The doctor gave him an anti-depressant drug without considering the other manifestations in the personality of the patient. Dr. Flein just thought that it was only a simple anxiety disorder, but he never takes the regard to consider Paranoid Personality Disorder on Joe.

Goldenstate Manufacturers Pvt Ltd Business Essay

Goldenstate Manufacturers Pvt Ltd Business Essay Goldenstate Manufacturers has a purpose that is too boost in textiles operating and basically to make Profit in operation with textile garments. They are also in top five business and they still want to be in market for Competition and maintain there Image, reputation and status within the Garment processing industry. Main focus for Goldenstate is to raise the productivity level with high quality output. As seen in the case-study, they were in top five company but they gone down due to customer complain due to poor finished good quality that when the goal was put on to strive for it. Optimize the production and improve the quality of the finished garment. It differs from a Non Profitable Organisation because Goldenstate operates for profit, Brand Name, Image and reputation. Non Profit Organization operates for social service such as Red Cross, Welfare Services, Church, and Mosque. These companies operate to serve the community, provide service to the people, they at times use volunteers to work for them, and normally operate through Aids from bigger organizations or government organisations but Goldenstate has a structure, a management and guide lines for their employees who do paid jobs. (Notes from Lecturer) Answer 1.2 Organisation Chart Goldenstate Manufacturers ( Pvt) Ltd. Board of Directors CEO Mark Fraser HR and RD Depart Accounting Finance OperationManager Carl 1500 + staffs Knitting Dept Manager Adam Sales Marketing Dyeing Dept Manager James Finishng Dept Manager Ron Cutting Dept Stitching Dept Purchase Dept Supervisors Supervisors Supervisors Supervisors Supervisors Supervisors Quality Control QC Staffs 100+ Staffs Staffs Staffs Team Leaders Staffs Team Leaders Staffs Team Leaders Staffs Team Leaders Staffs Team Leaders Staffs Staffs Answer 1.3 Explain how effective you feel the organization is and list the main skills and competencies needed for it to be competitive? Goldenstate is not an effective company: they are lacking in speed production, lacking in communication, they are disorganized and are getting customer complaints due to low grade finished well. High performance was not shown. Co-coordinating the flow of work was less. Examples are like, Carl is firm, strict and finds it hard to communicate, high work pressure in production, lack of liberty for staffs, Dyeing and Cutting overstaffed, production held up in stitching. Goldenstate can use the following skills to reach the end product with high quality to be competitive: Working guidelines can be issued to each staff. Performance Appraisal. E.g. Clear working guidelines, procedures followed. Responsibility and Accountability to be notified. E.g., Quality Control must be thorough checked at each stage of production, and production to rectify the faults before shipment such this can help in increasing company image and make customers happy. Ease in the flow of work. E.g.: Each department must complete their share of task on time considering other sections as well. Clear priorities and work schedules. Staff credits (praises) and encouragement can be a key to success in retaining staffs as well as increasing quality production. (notes from Lecturer ) Team work, respect between Management and Staffs Crystal clear communications between CEO, Managers and Staffs with show effectiveness in GoldenState. Planning of Time and Staff Management should be done weeks earlier so that staffs are not over pressured. They should have a good flow of communication between Managers and Staff members E.g. Meetings, memos(notes from Lecturer ) Question 2 Answer 2.1 Explain the leadership styles of Adam, the Knitting Manager, and James the Dying Manager, and comment on how appropriate you these are in the current situation? James, the Dyeing Manager is liked by his team as his personality here shows that he is like a Laissez Faire. E.g.: the staffs taking care of themselves and James does not say anything and as well as Participative. laissez faire- where the leader sits back and allows things to happen. For example, James, the Dyeing Manager. The leadership style of Adam, the Knitting Manager is straight forward as he quotes My way or NO way is Autocratic. Adam has the control and power over his command. his way is what he wants from his staffs is that things are to be done and accomplished as per his rules. In current situation, his way the staffs under Adam may feel pressured which can result in staff leaving job, lack of communication, not taking staff feedbacks. (notes from Lecturer ) Though as a manager he is responsible for his teams output, he still analyses the situation his way and staffs do it their way to meet output which can be noted as individual participation or good team work, a healthy relationship with staffs. In current situation, James feel accepted and may understand their responsibilities. James is flexible as well as its mentioned that he takes no action if mistake is made. He can attentioned as a Team Player i.e. if one doesnt do he must be doing it himself as a team worker. Overall the company needs to optimize the production and improve the quality of products, so these Managers are doing their best what they can to meet the goals for GoldenState. (notes from Lecturer ) Answer 2.2 Use any motivational theory, or theories, to advise Adam, the Knitting Manager, how he might motivate his staff so they will remain with the company. Make sure you explain what he must do and how he might do it? Currently Adam has a my way or no way theory which does not motivate the staff. To motivate the staff, Adam has to show some Empathy which can show a likeness in staff and feel welcomed at all time. He must encourage and motivate his staffs by offering the liberty to certain extent only, being friendly with them, offer the work diversity or in-house training(considering company budget). To do all this Adam should have regular staff meeting and call for feedbacks from staffs, ask for new ideas and what and how else staff thinks they can be more effective (basic needs and expectancies). Adam can also call for incentives, he should be supportive. In this way staffs will feel welcomed and later Adam should represent his team with his superiors outlaying his department (notes from Lecturer ) concerns. This is the easy and right way of communicating within an organization. Adam should (Ethics) build his trust and confidence amongst his staffs and be a role model and feel accepted and should feel himself in the team. Staff credits (praises) and encouragement can be a key to success in retaining staffs as well as increasing quality production. Job rotation, enrichment and enlargement. Adam can also use the two factor theory like Hygiene factor and Motivator factor. ( recognition, achievement credits, Job security, Organizational policies). The Maslow Hierarchy of needs and Expectancy motivations can also be used by Adam as follows. (notes from Lecturer ) The Maslow Hierarchy of needs and Expectancy motivations can also be used by Adam as follows. Level of performance required by Adam Final expected outcome from Adam and the business. Jobs required by Adam for staff GOLDENSTATE MANUFACTURERS Success Self esteem and confidence Belongingness. Friendliness of staff The Safety and security of the staff Basic needs of staff such as Food, Water, Shelter. Physiological Answer 2.3 Mark the CEO Has told Ron, the Finishing Manager, that he should delegate more. Explain to Ron the steps he must take to delegate effectivevely making sure you clearly explain what he has to do at each step and how he might be able to do kit? According to Mark the CEO, Ron (Finishing Manager) should be more delegative. Ron should take the following steps to effectively operate his team of staffs, as we can notice in case-study that the workers turnover in Finishing Knitting is high. Ron should share the goal of the company with each staff saying that the goal for Goldenstate is optimizing the production and improve the quality of the finished garment, regain Reputation and Image and say lets work towards these goals as a united team. He must also say that improvement suggestions as feedback in knitting process will be highly appreciated. Delegation is a vital management skill. The advise that I can give Ron is: Call up a Team meeting and praise all his staffs for the good work they doing. And say to all that once a person gains experience in this Textile (Garment ) industry, there are higher chances for responsibilities and promotions. Task to be given to the people who Ron thinks is capable of to all. Such as his team has more workers turnover he can assign certain task and also carry on training for those less experience. The Finishing team should be advised by Ron about meeting the deadlines and quality as well, and each member must help each other to accomplish the deadline. Ron must clearly advise his team on Checking and controlling the quality.eg. checking dying, stitching,etc before working on finishing that this is where QCs can be advised. Ron should give his full support and communicate to the bottom level and must also credit for success..e.g. say thanks to each individual on the effort they put in to meet quality. Work review must be done by Ron on daily basis e.g.: checking the assigned task on finishing garments. Ron should plan his weekly target, arrange his weekly working roster and ask the staff for any flexibility and comfort if they have any..e.g. not getting extra workers per shift. Friendliness with authoritative accountabilities to responsible staffs will make them feel accepted and them willing to show www.delegations.uwa.edu.au/Â   extra effort at work. Smart Delegations can get work done Smartly. Ron should also advise his team that when a product reaches Finishing Team and if they find a fault upon QC inspection, it should be NOTIFIED immediately to the supervisor or Ron where Ron can then advise accordingly. www.delegations.uwa.edu.au/Â   These were few the view points for Ron to take and follow to have an efficient team to accomplish the GoldenStates goal and if all the departments work hand in hand they will meet there expected goal and gain customer trust in the market again. There are in the market to be top in competitive garment market and be a leading role model.

The Advantages Of Online Banner Advertising

The Advantages Of Online Banner Advertising INTRODUCTION E-commerce which is also known as electronic commerce, it is online commerce verses actual-world commerce. E-commerce contains retail shopping, investment, banking, stocks and bonds trading, sales, real estate dealings, airline reservation, movie payments. It is almost everything you can visualise in the real world. Even personal services such as hair salons can advantage from e-commerce by providing a website for the sale of connected wellbeing and attractiveness goods, usually accessible to local customers wholly. While e-commerce once required a luxurious interface and individual security certificate, this is no longer the situation. Virtual storefronts are offered by a diversity of hosting services and great Internet occurrences such as eBay and Yahoo, which offer turnkey solutions to sellers with slight or no online knowledge. Tools for running effective e-commerce websites are made into the hosting servers, removing the need for the individual trade to reform the wheel. These tools include advantages like inventory and sales logs, and the ability to accept a diversity of expense choices including secure credit card transactions. The rising popularity of e-commerce is clear considering the time and bother involved in running from store to store, penetrating for an item in the world. It not only takes valuable time and energy, but petrol. With todays busy cities and high gas charges, shopping online every time the mood strikes even in the middle of the night, it has indisputable and unassailable benefits. Not only is it suitable to shop at a countless of sellers from the comfort of your computer chair but its also a snap to find the best deal by allowing sites such as PriceGrabber examine through hundreds of vendors for you. As a result, global world businesses often cannot compete with their e-commerce complements, though one does have to watch for exaggerated shipping payments that might disprove savings. Type of Online Advertising Banner Advertising The first kind of advertising ever done on the net was banner advertising. A banner can highlight a companys product/service/offer and by clicking on it the user will be taken to that companys website, where the company can create a suitable landing page to provide their further information. Banners spaces usually were sold by banner views, impressions, but it is sometimes sold by click-thru, where the company pays only when the user clicks on the banner. To post a banner advertisement, the company can do either or all of the following: a) Banner exchange where another website displays the companys advertisement in exchange of the company displaying for them b) Pay publisher sites to post the companys banner c) Pay a banner network to post the banner advertisement on a number of publisher sites Advantages of Online Banner Advertising Get more website traffic and sales With banner advertisement, companies can put their message in front of future customers. It also drives clicks to their website and sales from interested audiences. Advertise new products Banner advertisements can help companies to advertise their new products because banner advertisements give them the freedom to say what they want not only with text but also photos and animation. Build brand Companys brand name is one of companys most important assets. By building trust with their customers, customers are more likely to purchase from them, not just once, but repeatedly. Banner advertisements allow them to get their website name and even their logo in front of their audience. Find new customers With search engine advertising, people have to know to look for the companies product or name. But with banner ads, companies can put their message right in front of the people. Introduce themselves to new customers to win new business. Easy and cost-effective Banner advertising has been put within reach of small businesses by new services. Online tools now let companies make free banner advertisements and buy online advertising space quickly and easily. Disadvantages of Online Banner Advertising Cost considerations Banner advertisements can be rather expensive for small businesses as it may cost several thousand dollars per month to put an advertisement on a site with a high level of traffic. Creating effective banners Even if a banner is well-placed, it will not attract the interest of surfers or generate traffic for the companies website unless it is well-designed. Suggestion for Improvement Size Some banner advertisement is too small to be noticed while some is too big causes the banner to look very disturbing. The size should be around medium size. Graphic Insert some graphic in the banner such as animation or cartoon characters might attract the viewers even more. Facebook Advertising Facebook Advertising has grown-up in popularity and formed quite a stir when it was head introduced. Ever since the arrival of aiming advertising more exactly towards demographics such as age, sex, education and so on. And having tighter limitations on advertising quality, Facebook advertising has been a feasible traffic builder and advertising choice for minor and huge size commerce. Advantages To reach target customers, connect with more than 500 million potential customers (100 million mobile users) cannot be overlooked. There are more Google searches that are being done, the customer reach for Facebook advertising is massive and needs to be utilized. Because of its ability to divide and segment customer information, Facebook has the ability to offer increased targeting for their advertisers. If you would like to only target women, ages 20-30 with a university education that live in California, then you can do that. Likewise when someone changes status such as single, engaged or married they move into new markets, making them more attractive to target. With the ability to target locally very exact, corporations and services that are looking for local or regional clients can gain benefits from the Facebook advertising system. It is to find a successful with Local Clients. Disadvantages People are using Facebook to talk with their friends and socialize and rarely are thinking about buying something when they log into their Facebook account. This creates issues when firms are focusing on click through rate (>2.5-5%) conversion rates. One thing that Facebook has continued to try and crack down on is advertising campaigns that make their way into the system that are inappropriate and off putting to users of the system. Free give ways, rewards programs and comedy sites have continued to flood the system, giving the advertising less relevance when the consumer is viewing them. Suggestion for Improvement Graphic Insert more graphic in the facebook advertisements such as animation or cartoon characters might attract the viewers even more. There are plenty of advertisers that complain about how long it takes to get Facebook advertising approved. So, two options are immediately obvious. Automate it. Hire more interns. Reaching Facebook Users Through PPC Advertisements hansdorsch Conclusion Online advertising means doing advertising activities through internet network not only at local places but also worldwide. Online advertising is very effective as nowadays many people have access to internet. They can see the advertisement when they were surfing the internet. Meanwhile, normal advertising means doing advertising through media such as television, radio, newspaper, brochures and others. Television and radio advertising can be both effective and not effective. These two advertising can be effective as many people likes to watch television and listen to the radio. These two advertising can be not effective because the advertisement that are broadcast may not be the advertisement that viewer or listener wish to know. Therefore online advertising is better than normal advertising and the best online advertising method is Facebook advertising. This is because nowadays, Facebook is a social network that connects to people around the world. Facebook had become very famous not only for teenagers and children but also adults. Some people may spend up to 12 hours a day just for Facebook. So by using Facebook advertising, Facebook users may be able to see the advertisements and click on it if they were interested.

The Censors, by Luisa Valenzuela Essay -- Satire, Symbols, Analysis

â€Å"The Censors† by Luisa Valenzuela The short story â€Å"The Censors† by Luisa Valenzuela is set in Argentina during the dictatorship of Jorge Videla who reigned from 1976 to 1983. Juan, the protagonist of the text, starts the story by writing a letter to his old friend, Mariana, at her new residence in Paris. He had received Mariana’s new address from a confidential source and was too excited to think of his actions before writing and sending the letter. Later, Juan’s â€Å"mind [was] off his job during the day and [he couldn’t] sleep at night,† thinking of the letter (Valenzuela 966). He believes the contents to be innocent and irreproachable, but the censors of the Argentine government â€Å"examine, sniff, feel, and read between the lines of each and every letter† (Valenzuela 966) for the signs of uprising among the people. He then thinks of the censorship offices and the extremely few letters that are actually sent. He ponders the months or years that a single letter cou ld take to be delivered and all that time â€Å"the freedom, maybe even life, of both the sender and receiver [are] in jeopardy† (Valenzuela 966). Juan is troubled for Mariana’s well being. He knows that the â€Å"Censor’s Secret Command operates all over the world [and] there’s nothing to stop them from going [to the] obscure Paris neighborhood [and] kidnapping Mariana† (Valenzuela 966). Soon he decides his course of action is to join the Post Office’s Censorship Division and retrieve his letter to save Mariana. Juan was hired immediately as there was a great demand for censors and no one â€Å"bothered to check on his references† (Valenzuela 966). He was content to be working; all he could do to retrieve his letter was being done. Even when he was sent to Section K where envelopes were ... ...ack to destroy Juan. Since he didn’t find the letter to be important, he acted carelessly and discarded it and was â€Å"one more victim of his devotion to his work† (Valenzuela 968). Although many people would not go as far as to essentially commit suicide through the government, Valenzuela is making the point that secrets are dangerous. At the same time, Valenzuela is showing the average person can always be corrupted and caught up in their government if said government is corrupt. The most innocent person will always be tainted and destroyed by an iniquitous government. Through Juan’s letter and actions, Valenzuela depicts the satirical theme of how anyone can be corrupted by a perverted government. Works Cited Valenzuela, Luisa. â€Å"The Censors.† Elements of Literature: World Literature. Trans. David Unger. Austin, Texas: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2006. Print.

Nursing as an Occupation Essay -- Health Medical Medicine Profession E

Nursing as an Occupation Works Cited Not Included Nursing has, quite possibly, been one of the most difficult professions to define in the medical field. Clarke (2003) stated that the nurse needs to `articulate' who s/he is and what his/her `value' is in medicine or risks having others define it. As with the profession itself, definitions of nursing are ."..dynamic...constantly evolving to meet new needs...new knowledge."(Royal College of Nursing, 2003). Down through the years as the role of the nurse has expanded and diversified, so have the opinions of those who respect and view this career with intrigue. The author believes that nursing is and the functions of the nurse are: the "provision of care", a "commitment to partnership" between nurse and client (Royal College of Nursing, 2003), health promotion and the use of skill and biological knowledge in patient care. The provision of care as a basis for nursing has also encountered change ever since Florence Nightingale (1889), perceived that "the patient, rather than the disease process, should be the primary focus of health professionals." (Cited in Lindberg, Hunter, Kruszewski, 1998 p.12). Virginia Henderson (1960) described caring as "assisting persons in performance of activities they would accomplish independently given the necessary resources." (cited in Lindberg, Hunter and Kruszewski, 1998 p.12). Thus, both pioneers of nursing thought that the best way to carry out nursing practice is to undertake patient centered care. Patient centered care is "essential care, technological care, psychosocial/emotional care, and continuity and co-ordination." (Kitson, 1999). This is called holistic care, which focuses on all aspects of the client's being as a whole: the physiolog... ...de of intervention..." It is central to what nursing is and what nurses do such as, encouraging the mother (and, sometimes, the father!) to use deep breathing exercises to overcome labour pain, inserting chemotherapy needles and changing the dressing on a wound. These are learned skills and are acquired use of scientific knowledge that is obtained through years of training. To conclude, the author believes that the altruism of learning the applied science of nursing, that is as diverse in topics to the science of our bodies to the science of our society, has earned respect and interest in what the value of the nurse is and the importance of what s/he does. The author perceives these four aspects of nursing: provision of care, commitment to partnership, health promotion and the use of skill and knowledge, are the foundations of what nursing is and what nurses do.

Ethical Impacts of the Internet on Children and Teenagers Essay

As the use of internet dominates every activity in the global market, its use in homes and schools has exponentially grown raising concern on its ethical effect on children and teenagers. The nature of the youngsters’ use of internet has generated heat and anxiety among the general public as the society calls for ethical and moral guidelines that would protect children and teenagers from negative effect of the internet. This paper proposes a research that will identify the effect of internet use among the young people as the academic and policy importance concerning the opportunities and dangers of internet use continue to be raised. The paper identifies these opportunities and dangers as it proposes the methodology and limitations for the research paper. 2. 0 Introduction 2. 1 Background Internet which slowly started as a network for military officers in the cold war eventually became an important tool in the academic corridors and today the former â€Å"Arpanet† has greatly grown to become the primary platform for communication and interaction for different communities around the world. As the Internet traffic hit millions of users each day the communication technology continue to grow to allow for infinite information access and instant interaction by users, a fact that has brought about a social paradigm shift in the way societies used to live in the earlier days. This technology has particularly been embraced by children and teenagers as a way of learning, socializing and leisure. In the developed countries and many other regions around the word, internet access has ceased to being a trademark for the privileged members of the society as its use in the workplace, education institutions and leisure places continue to grow exponentially. As the use of computers and internet become more and more entrenched in our day to day routine practices, it has become a basic feature not only in the offices but also at our homes. The presence of internet at our homes has opened up a â€Å"super highway† to children and teenagers who are being referred to as the â€Å"digital generation† that incidentally predisposes them to overwhelming information and social sites that may contribute heavily in shaping their behavioural patterns. Whereas internet offers a perfect educational platform for the young people, it is also seen largely as a risk factor that could expose them to adult sites, make them more addicted and dependant on the internet and eventually instil anti-social behaviour in some of them. While this issue demands a critical stance given the consequences it has on the future generation, very little independent researches has been conducted to inform the policy makers and end the growing public anxiety. In most of the researches conducted in the recent past only a few have focused on the social consequences of the internet among the children and teenagers. The households with children or/and teenagers that have access to the internet is however more common than those without (Wigley and Clacke, 2000). 2. 2 Research Objectives The main objective of the proposed research project is to explore the impact of the internet on children and teenagers based on the expected social, cognitive and behavioural patterns in the society. The research project will aim at identifying issues that deviate from the laid down expectations both at school, home and in the society which find their root from the internet. 2. 3 Research Question The proposed paper will focus on answering the following primary question; †¢ What are the ethical impact on the use of internet among the children and teenagers? To effectively explore the primary research question the following secondary questions will be analyzed? †¢ What are the children/teenagers perceptions towards internet? †¢ What are the perceptions of the parents whose children are using internet at home or/and school? †¢ What are the important contrasts in internet activities from what is expected to what is actually practised? †¢ What are the possible impacts of these struggles between the theoretical and practical internet activities on children/teenagers’ social development? 2. 4 Research Significance A study conducted in the UK by Wigley and Clacke (2000), revealed that among the young people aged between 7 and 16 years, 75% of them have used the internet as compared to only 38% from the adult population. This explains that in the contemporary society the young are actually the pioneers of the internet culture. For a long time children and teenagers have also been regarded as a special homogenous object in other studies a fact that has made this category of population marginalised and often left out in researches on the internet. Even in the midst of growing researches on e-commerce and e-democracy very little efforts are focusing on the expanding online market driven by the young people. For these reasons children and teenagers are often left out in technological advancement as the market analysis is evaluated. As the social effects of internet on the young people become obvious in most societies it is becoming more difficult to ignore the subject and therefore many empirical projects on children and teenagers use of the internet are coming up. This makes it appropriate moment in which the research agenda on this category of population must be given priority. 3. 0 Literature Review 3. 1 Nature of Internet Usage Recent surveys reveal that children and teenagers attach high value to the usage of internet to gather information, entertainment leisure and as a medium of communication. According to Valkenburg and Soeters (2001), 73% of the children and teenagers use internet as an education tool, 59% use it for E-mails, 38% to play games, 32% for chatting with friends and 31% use internet as a hobby and an area of interest. The internet has already revolutionized the social patterns of our younger population drastically changing the earlier forms of communication and interaction among the peers. A research conducted by Valkenburg and Soeters (2001), indicates that among most households internet has continued to elicit mixed reaction between the parents and their young ones as it is considered to easily lead the young toward the wrong direction if mismanaged or taken for granted. While the parents praise the internet for its role in availing most of the information that their children would need in pursuit of their education, the children consider the opportunity more as a source of entertainment that gives them a break from the other â€Å"old fashioned† entertainment sources. The tug of war between the parents and children demonstrates an obvious digital generation gap in which children and teenagers who normally acquire and understand new internet skills faster than their parents get transformed into â€Å"family tutors†. The expertise in computer and internet skills among the children gives them a symbolic advantage over their parents that can easily be mis-used in pushing their interests that could not necessarily be approved by their parents. The current researches on the social context in which internet is focusing more in identifying ways and means in which children and teenagers are changing their homes into centres for content production, entertainment and leisure. This fact has in essence brought about new approaches in children’s activities as questions linger on whether learning has become more fun, playing is turning more and more educational and whether online chatting is part of civic participation or a way of withdrawal from the general society. This kind of researches therefore calls for the need to analyse the online content that is most preferred by children and teenagers. This raises a challenge given the large volume of online contents from which one can choose from and the fact that the hypertext content can be actualized by the user. This has in effect discouraged most of the researchers carrying out studies on the impact of internet on children and teenagers. Most of the researches today are however guided by the policy issues that are endeavouring in trying to balance the benefits that the internet offers to the young population against the harm that may be associated with some of the sites. Therefore the key agenda is on how the society in general should ethically conceptualize and balance the benefits and the dangers of the internet on the children and teenagers within there spheres of influence.

Using Material from Item a and Elsewhere Assess the Sociological Explanations for Ethnic Differences in Educational Success

There are many reasons for educational underachievement and it has been said that ethnicity is one of these key factors. It has been found that Indian and Asian pupils are of higher educational achievement than White, African-Caribbean, and Black, Pakistani and Bangladeshi pupils. One possible cause of ethnic differences in education could be at the fault of the education system.To investigate this Sewell conducted a study using semi-structured interviews and observations in an inner-city boys’ comprehensive school, his study revealed the ways in which African-Caribbean students are labelled by their teachers, peers, white students as ‘problems’ in the classroom. Sewell showed how Black boys use these negative perceptions to construct different responses to school based on their own ‘masculine’ images, many of these belonging the anti-school culture, such as conformists, innovators, rebels and retreatists, all in favour of gang culture.However some so ciologists are critical of this study in that they feel Sewell is blaming ‘black-culture’ for the educational failure as opposed to recognising racism within the education system. Another reason for ethnic differences in achievement lies in the school itself. Sociologist Connolly found that teachers are more likely to be overly critical of African-Caribbean pupil’s behaviour due to stereotypical views of their ethnic ways resulting in them being labelled as troublemakers and being in need of stricter discipline.This can therefore lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy of the student whereby they become troublesome in a ‘screw-you’ effect to their teachers. However, as criticism to this Sewell found evidence that not every pupil responded with the self-fulfilling prophecy, and in fact some African-Caribbean students adopted ‘White’ values and behaviours at the expense of losing their African-Caribbean stereotypical identities.There are clearl y definite suggestions as to why certain ethnic groups are underachieving in the education system; however they are reasons as to why some ethnic groups are performing better than others. For example, the home of a pupil is a primary agent in their socialisation and education and this therefore has the biggest impact on the pupil so when at school they will either be handicapped or at an advantage from their upbringing.For example, Modood argued that some ethnic minorities have higher levels of cultural capital, despite often being from a working-class background. Many Indians and Asians originate from working-class backgrounds even though they end up with middle class jobs. These parents therefore place particularly high values on educational success and contain the knowledge and understanding of education to motivate their children and help them to succeed.Strand also investigates ethnicity and achievement in education, he compared the progress of Indian, African-Caribbean and whi te British pupils in their secondary education. Strand found that Indian children made more positive progress than the white British students but African-Caribbean pupils fell even further behind. Strand found the Indian’s success was due to both material and cultural factors such as high aspirations and dedication to homework, low levels of truancy and exclusion and good resources at home such as computers and private tutoring.However there was no evidence that African-Caribbean parents and pupils adopted a culture that would hold them back in their educational success, they had high aspirations and a positive attitude to school. Overall his research found little, if any, difference in the cultural support for education between working-class white and African-Caribbean pupils and so, although there were valid reasons found for the Indian pupils’ success, it was difficult to explain why African-Caribbean pupils were doing less well.These are, in my opinion the most imp ortant factors affecting ethnic differences in educational achievement and although Strand’s research did not come to a clear conclusion as to why African-Caribbean pupils are underachieving it is clear to see that negative stereotypes and material/cultural deprivation are the reasons for their underachievement and the positive labelling and encouragement from parents’ cultural capital is what gives Indian and Asian children an advantage and therefore contributes to their educational success.